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Carbon Black is used in various formulations with different rubber types to customize the performance properties of tires. Continental Carbon delivers high-performance carbon black for tires to rubber for motor mounts and conveyor mounts to name a few.

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Continental Carbon is committed to delivering premium specialty carbon blacks to address the growing needs of existing and developing market sectors. Our specialty carbon black product lines exhibit properties which provide enhancements in UV protection, pigmentation and conductivity/anti-static, applications.

NATURAL NON-STICK MATERIAL: Made of of black carbon steel, a natural mineral material promoting healthy cooking making this pan free of any harsh chemicals or coatings, PTFE and PFOA free, and once seasoned, becomes exceedingly non-stick

HIGHLY COMPATIBLE & VERSATILE: Compatible with all hob types, including induction. With an ability to retain very high temperatures, black carbon steel excels over open fires, on outdoor grills, and in ovens, as well as on all varieties of traditional stove tops

We also offer conductive solutions for plastic and battery applications and for coating applications, as well as our innovative line of carbon nanostructures for a variety of applications including rubber applications such as FKM fuel hoses.

The VYRO One is a very special hookah, which is only 15.4cm tall and does not look like a hookah at first glance.It is intended as a travel shisha and due to the design, even the smoke column is hidden inside the shisha to keep it as compact as possible.High-quality V2A stainless steel and real carbon make the VYRO a particularly noble hookah.

Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposures in printing processes and to printing inks, to carbon black, and to selected nitro compounds, many of which are used in the production of dye and colourant intermediates. The first monograph evaluate occupational exposures in printing processes and to printing inks. Exposures in the printing industry are assessed according to their occurrence in printing ink manufacture and in printing operations such as letterpress, lithography, flexography, gravure, and screen printing. Although many epidemiological studies have demonstrated some evidence of cancer risk in printing trades and printing industries, the assessment found several important problems in the design of these studies. Occupational exposures in printing processes were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Printing inks could not be classified. The second monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity of carbon black, an intense black pigment mainly used in tyres and other rubber automotive products, and in many other rubber products. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in experimental animals that exposure to carbon black causes lung tumours, data on carcinogenicity to humans were judged inadequate. Carbon black was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining monographs evaluate selected nitro compounds. Of these, 3,7- and 3,9-dinitrofluoranthenes, 2,4- and 2,6-dinitro-toluenes, 2-nitroanisole, nitrobenzene, and tetranitromethane were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Chloronitrobenzenes, 3,5-dinitrotoluene, nitrotoluenes, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, and musk xylene and musk ambrette could not be classified.

Carbon Black(CB) demand is forecasted to increase, and addressing this increase will be very challenging as the war in Ukraine has already caused a big gap in the supply of virgin carbon black. Some of the experts from this field say that shortage of supply of CB goes up to 40% compared to the years before the war. The main focus of this summit will be to address these issues. With key topics such as CB market overview, improving sustainability in the industry, achieving superiority in supply chain and others we will try to give answers to these pressing issues. Focus will be also on improving standardisation in recovered CB as well as problems with calculating life cycle of tires.

As is evident, European CB industry is facing big challenges in virgin and recovered carbon black industry. Big amount of energy and time will be used in adaptation to the new situation which will be key for the industry to continue to progress, as well as meeting the demands of the end users.

Let us start with the element. Carbon black is an allotropic form of carbon. It is a cousin to graphite and a poor relation to diamond. Its unique morphology and crystalline makeup help provide an enormous surface area per gram.

It is tempting to consider carbon black the only nanomaterial which was used 27,000 years ago as well as by materials scientists today. Sadly, the current definition of nanomaterial is size based and tops out at 100 nm (500 nm Europe) in length. While most primary particles are smaller than 100 nm, the agglomerations are larger and excluded by definition (6); perhaps future technology will produce a true nano size carbon black.

The structure of the particles appears to be unique and its composition of carbon and calcium phosphate makes the material easy to identify. Despite this, I have seen it only as a reference material, never in a commercial polymeric product; one reason for this could be cost.

Austin Black is bituminous coal dust. It has a specific gravity of 1.3 g/cm3 as compared to 1.8 g/cm3 for carbon black, and 2.6 g/cm3 to 2.8 g/cm3 of some mineral fillers, making it a low cost filler for rubber and plastic products. It also has slightly different tonal shades of black as compared to other black pigments. Products such as bus flooring, car mats, and vibration mats, which require very little reinforcing, can benefit from Austin Black.

Austin Black does not resemble either carbon black or bone black. Its amorphous shape and lack of identifying characteristics make Austin Black almost impossible to identify in products. Polymer formulations containing halogens or nitrogen form a black char during carbon black recovery that resembles Austin Black. Very often Austin black is identified by ruling out char-forming polymers and not finding any carbon black in the recovered black-colored ash. To paraphrase Sherlock Holmes, after everything reasonable is ruled out, what remains, no matter how improbable, is the likely answer.

Carbon black has a wide range of physical properties depending on the manufacturing process, and manufacturers soon had the market filled with conflicting names and claims. Consensus standards began to emerge in 1954 with the formation of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D24 on Carbon Black. D24 still remains one of the more active ASTM committees.

Modern manufacturing can produce a single grade of carbon black in multi-train-car lots by running continuously for months on end, during which QC samples must be taken on a rigorous schedule. The number of samples needing analysis from all stages of production from combustion, quenching, cooling, pelletizing, drying, and bagging can overwhelm the production lab. For carbon black manufacturers, N2 surface area is faster, cheaper, and more economical. But for product reverse engineering or failure analysis, N2 surface area is a high dive into an empty pool.

This process works fine until we wash up on the rocks of silica. Silica is often called the white carbon black for good reason. Both precipitated and fumed silica have aciniform morphology. Silica can be mistaken for carbon black, and its measurement throws off the average value. If you measure 200 particles, every two particles of silica measured by mistake is one percent of your total. A mistake common to most manual particle sizers is preferentially measuring the larger and easier-to-see particles. The analyst must strive to count a statistically representative number of small to tiny particles as well as the easy-to-measure particles to obtain an average truly representative of the sample. This is a potential source of error. Silica requires another decision on the part of the analyst and introduces another source of error.

Like any good cook, I follow the recipe so far and then depart based on experience. The procedure calls for rubber filled with carbon black to be pyrolized in an inert atmosphere at the polymer decomposition temperature. I have used both a nitrogen atmosphere and vacuum, but the key in either case is to exclude oxygen. Of the two options, I prefer vacuum as I think the vacuum produces a cleaner, easier to disperse carbon black.

The HF reacts with silica and other mineral fillers. Chemistry indicates the silica forms hexafluorosilicic acid and tetrafluorosilane, both of which sublime. After HF treatment the confusing silica morphology is gone, leaving only the unique carbon black morphology.

I run all of my samples through this regimen, especially the recovered carbon black from tire recyclers. Where you and I might see piles of worn out tires, failed truck tires and conveyor belts, carbon black recyclers see gold. Unfortunately, every component in a tire, tread stock, belt stock, inner liner, apex, and side wall stock has a different formulation. No matter how the recycler tries, his product will contain numerous N-number carbon blacks, clay, silica, TiO2, Ca, Mg, and Zn oxides as well as mica, metallic zinc, and iron oxides.

After the acid treatment, I follow ASTM D3849. I grind the treated sample in chloroform using a small agate mortar and pestle (tetrahydrofuran, THF, is the preferred solvent, but it gives me headaches); transfer to a small corked test tube, and ultrasonicate the chloroform/carbon black mixture for 10 to 30 minutes. 041b061a72